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ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STEREOTYPES: ARE ENTREPRENEURS FROM MARS OR FROM VENUS?
2005
Vishal K. Gupta Daniel B. Turban S. Arzu Wasti ARIJIT SIKDAR
The goal of this study was to examine gender-role stereotypes in entrepreneurship and the relationship between such stereotypes and entrepreneurial intentions. Three forms of the 92-item Schein Descriptive Index were used to measure gender role stereotypes and characteristics of entrepreneurs in general. Data were collected from respondents at the pre-entrepreneurial stage in three countries, US, Turkey and India. The results revealed that, in general, entrepreneurs are perceived to have predominantly male characteristics. Further, although both men and women perceive entrepreneurs to have characteristics similar to those of males, only women also perceived entrepreneurs and females as having some similar characteristics. We also found that respondents who perceived themselves as more similar to males had higher entrepreneurial intentions than those who see themselves as less similar to males while no such difference was found for people who saw themselves as more or less similar to females. The results were consistent across the three national cultures in our sample. The implications of our findings for both research and practice are discussed.